Cardiac Cycle Steady-State Response

The cardiac cycle steady-state response is examined.

The transient behavior of the pressure-volume (PV) loop of the left ventricle (LV) is illustrated below. The PV loop (and, hence, the ejection fraction) is very close to steady state after three cycles, although the figure was generated using five cardiac cycles to confirm this result.

Pressure-Volume Loops of the LV for Cardiac Cycles 1–5

The pressure traces for the left ventricle, left atrium, and arterial compliance during the third cardiac cycle are shown below.

Pressure Traces for the Left Ventricle, Left Atrium, and Arterial Compliance During the Third Cardiac Cycle