General Membrane Element Library

This section provides a reference to the general membrane elements available in Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit.

This page discusses:

Element Types

M3D3

3-node triangle

M3D4

4-node quadrilateral

M3D4R

4-node quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control

M3D6(S)

6-node triangle

M3D8(S)

8-node quadrilateral

M3D8R(S)

8-node quadrilateral, reduced integration

M3D9(S)

9-node quadrilateral

M3D9R(S)

9-node quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control

Active Degrees of Freedom

1, 2, 3

Additional Solution Variables

None.

Nodal Coordinates Required

X, Y, Z

Element Property Definition

Element-Based Loading

Distributed Loads

Distributed loads are specified as described in Distributed Loads.

*dload
  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): BX
  2. FL−3
  3. Body force in the global X-direction.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): BY
  2. FL−3
  3. Body force in the global Y-direction.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): BZ
  2. FL−3
  3. Body force in the global Z-direction.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): BXNU
  2. FL−3
  3. Nonuniform body force in the global X-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard  and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): BYNU
  2. FL−3
  3. Nonuniform body force in the global Y-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): BZNU
  2. FL−3
  3. Nonuniform body force in the global Z-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard  and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): CENT (S)
  2. FL−4 (ML−3T−2)
  3. Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as ρω2, where ρ is the mass density per unit volume, ω is the angular velocity).

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): CENTRIF (S)
  2. T−2
  3. Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as ω2, where ω is the angular velocity).

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): CORIO (S)
  2. FL−4T (ML−3T−1)
  3. Coriolis force (magnitude is input as ρω, where ρ is the mass density per unit volume, ω is the angular velocity). The load stiffness due to Coriolis loading is not accounted for in direct steady-state dynamic analysis.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): GRAV
  2. LT−2
  3. Gravity loading in a specified direction (magnitude is input as acceleration).

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): HP (S)
  2. FL−2
  3. Hydrostatic pressure applied to the element reference surface and linear in global Z. The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): P
  2. FL−2
  3. Pressure applied to the element reference surface. The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): PNU
  2. FL−2
  3. Nonuniform pressure applied to the element reference surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard  and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit. The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): ROTA (S)
  2. T−2
  3. Rotary acceleration load (magnitude is input as α, where α is the rotary acceleration).

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): ROTDYNF (S)
  2. T−1
  3. Rotordynamic load (magnitude is input as ω, where ω is the angular velocity).

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): SBF (E)
  2. FL−5T2
  3. Stagnation body force in global X-, Y-, and Z-directions.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): SP (E)
  2. FL−4T2
  3. Stagnation pressure applied to the element reference surface.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRSHR
  2. FL−2
  3. Shear traction on the element reference surface.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRSHRNU (S)
  2. FL−2
  3. Nonuniform shear traction on the element reference surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRVEC
  2. FL−2
  3. General traction on the element reference surface.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRVECNU (S)
  2. FL−2
  3. Nonuniform general traction on the element reference surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): VBF (E)
  2. FL−4T
  3. Viscous body force in global X-, Y-, and Z-directions.

  1. Load ID (*DLOAD): VP (E)
  2. FL−3T
  3. Viscous surface pressure applied to the element reference surface. The pressure is proportional to the velocity normal to the element face and opposing the motion.

Foundations

Foundations are available only in Abaqus/Standard and are specified as described in Element Foundations.

*foundation
  1. Load ID (*FOUNDATION): F (S)
  2. FL−3
  3. Elastic foundation.

Surface-Based Loading

Distributed Loads

Surface-based distributed loads are specified as described in Distributed Loads.

*dsload
  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): HP (S)
  2. FL−2
  3. Hydrostatic pressure on the element reference surface and linear in global Z. The pressure is positive in the direction opposite to the surface normal.

  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): P
  2. FL−2
  3. Pressure on the element reference surface. The pressure is positive in the direction opposite to the surface normal.

  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): PNU
  2. FL−2
  3. Nonuniform pressure on the element reference surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard  and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit. The pressure is positive in the direction opposite to the surface normal.

  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): SP (E)
  2. FL−4T2
  3. Stagnation pressure applied to the element reference surface.

  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRSHR
  2. FL−2
  3. Shear traction on the element reference surface.

  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRSHRNU (S)
  2. FL−2
  3. Nonuniform shear traction on the element reference surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD.

  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRVEC
  2. FL−2
  3. General traction on the element reference surface.

  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRVECNU (S)
  2. FL−2
  3. Nonuniform general traction on the element reference surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD.

  1. Load ID (*DSLOAD): VP (E)
  2. FL−3T
  3. Viscous surface pressure applied to the element reference surface. The pressure is proportional to the velocity normal to the element surface and opposing the motion.

Incident Wave Loading

Surface-based incident wave loads are available. They are specified as described in Acoustic and Shock Loads. If the incident wave field includes a reflection off a plane outside the boundaries of the mesh, this effect can be included.

Element Output

If a local orientation (Orientations) is not used with the element, the stress/strain components are in the default directions on the surface defined by the convention given in Conventions. If a local orientation is used with the element, the stress/strain components are in the surface directions defined by the orientation. In large-displacement problems the local directions defined in the reference configuration are rotated into the current configuration by the average material rotation. See State storage for details.

Stress, Strain, and Other Tensor Components

Stress and other tensors (including strain tensors) are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. All tensors have the same components. For example, the stress components are as follows:

S11

Local 11 direct stress.

S22

Local 22 direct stress.

S12

Local 12 shear stress.

Section Thickness

STH

Current thickness.

Node Ordering on Elements



 

Numbering of Integration Points for Output