Typically, a bolt is tensioned or preloaded by the application of a torque to either the bolt head or the nut. The torque coefficient, K, is a constant value used internally to convert the torque load to an axial load using the following formula: where P = resulting axial force (tension) on the bolt, T = torque value, K = torque coefficient (this value has a default of 0.2 or can be found in a standard reference manual; it is a function of the bolt geometry, the materials being assembled, and the joint lubrication), and D = nominal diameter of the bolt (this value is entered when the bolt is created in the Structural Model Creation app). | ||||||