Progressive damage and failure in fiber-reinforced materials

This problem contains basic test cases for one or more Abaqus elements and features.

This page discusses:

Damage initiation and damage evolution (Hashin criteria)
LaRC05 criterion
Ply fabric criterion
Import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit (Hashin model)
Import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard
Element deletion
Procedures

ProductsAbaqus/StandardAbaqus/Explicit

Damage initiation and damage evolution (Hashin criteria)

Elements tested

CPS3

CPS4

CPS4I

CPS4R

CPS6

CPS6M

CPS8

CPS8R

M3D3

M3D4

M3D4R

M3D6

M3D8

M3D8R

M3D9

M3D9R

S3R

S3RS

S4R

S4R5

S4RS

S4RSW

S8R

S8R5

S9R5

SC6R

SC8R

STRI3

STRI65

Features tested

The Hashin damage initiation criteria and energy-based damage evolution law are tested with a linearly elastic material.

Problem description

This verification test consists of a set of one- and two-element models subjected to uniaxial tension or compression for various angles (off-axis angles) between the fiber direction and the direction in which the load is applied. The default maximum degradation (equal to 1.0) is used for first-order elements, and the value of the maximum degradation of 0.95 was specified for the second-order elements.

Results and discussion

The degradation of the material stiffness starts when the Hashin initiation criterion is reached for at least one of the failure modes. The damage variables, for the damage modes for which the initiation criteria are satisfied, evolve according to an energy-based evolution law with linear softening. Once the damage variable reaches the maximum degradation specified, no further damage takes place.

The results for the off-axis angles equal to 0° (fiber tension and compression) and 90° (matrix tension and compression) were verified to agree with analytical results.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the unidirectional stress for tension and compression, respectively, at which the initiation criterion is satisfied as a function of the off-axis angle. In these figures the numerical predictions agree very well with the analytical results and also show good agreement with the experimental data reported in Jones (1999).

Input files

Abaqus/Standard input files

damage_hsncomp_cps4r_0.inp: CPS4 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_cps4r_90.inp: CPS4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsncomp_cps6_90.inp: CPS6 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsncomp_cps6m_0.inp: CPS6M elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_cps8_0.inp: CPS8 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_cps8r_0.inp: CPS8R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_m3d8_0.inp: M3D8 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_m3d8r_0.inp: M3D8R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_m3d9_0.inp: M3D9 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_s4r_0.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_s4r_15.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 15°.
damage_hsncomp_s4r_30.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 30°.
damage_hsncomp_s4r_45.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
damage_hsncomp_s4r_60.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 60°.
damage_hsncomp_s4r_75.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 75°.
damage_hsncomp_s4r_90.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsncomp_s8r_0.inp: S8R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_s8r5_0.inp: S8R5 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_s9r5_0.inp: S9R5 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsncomp_sc6r_0.inp: SC6R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsnten_cps3_90.inp: CPS3 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsnten_cps4_30.inp: CPS4 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 30°.
damage_hsnten_cps4i_60.inp: CPS4I elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 60°.
damage_hsnten_cps4r_0.inp: CPS4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsnten_cps4r_90.inp: CPS4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsnten_m3d3_90.inp: M3D3 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsnten_m3d4r_0.inp: M3D4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsnten_m3d6_90.inp: M3D6 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsnten_m3d9r_0.inp: M3D9R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsnten_s3_0.inp: S3 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsnten_s3r_90.inp: S3R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsnten_s4_90.inp: S4 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsnten_s4r_0.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsnten_s4r_15.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 15°.
damage_hsnten_s4r_30.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 30°.
damage_hsnten_s4r_45.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
damage_hsnten_s4r_60.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 60°.
damage_hsnten_s4r_75.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 75°.
damage_hsnten_s4r_90.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsnten_s4r5_90.inp: S4R5 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
damage_hsnten_sc8r_0.inp: SC8R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsnten_stri3_0.inp: STRI3 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 0°.
damage_hsnten_stri65_90.inp: STRI65 elements subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.

Abaqus/Explicit input files

x_damage_hsnten_cps3_45.inp: CPS3 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_cps3_45.inp: CPS3 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_cps4r_45.inp: CPS4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_cps4r_45.inp: CPS4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_m3d3_45.inp: M3D3 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_m3d3_45.inp: M3D3 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_m3d4r_45.inp: M3D4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_m3d4r_45.inp: M3D4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_m3d4_45.inp: M3D4 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_m3d4_45.inp: M3D4 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_sc6r_45.inp: SC6R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_sc6r_45.inp: SC6R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_sc8r_45.inp: SC8R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_sc8r_45.inp: SC8R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_s3_45.inp: S3 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s3_45.inp: S3 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_s3r_45.inp: S3R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s3r_45.inp: S3R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_s4_45.inp: S4 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s4_45.inp: S4 elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_s4r_0.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 0°.
x_damage_hsnten_s4r_15.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 15°.
x_damage_hsnten_s4r_30.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 30°.
x_damage_hsnten_s4r_45.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsnten_s4r_60.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 60°.
x_damage_hsnten_s4r_75.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 75°.
x_damage_hsnten_s4r_90.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension; off-axis angle, 90°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s4r_0.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 0°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s4r_15.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 15°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s4r_30.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 30°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s4r_45.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 45°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s4r_60.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 60°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s4r_75.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 75°.
x_damage_hsncomp_s4r_90.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial compression; off-axis angle, 90°.

References

Jones, R. M., “Mechanics of Composite Materials,” Taylor & Francis, Inc., pp. 102–112, 1999.

LaRC05 criterion

Elements tested

C3D4

C3D6

C3D8

C3D8R

C3D10

CPS4

CPS4R

M3D4

M3D4R

S3R

S8R

S8R5

STRI65

Features tested

The LaRC05 damage initiation criterion is tested with a linearly elastic material.

Problem description

This verification model is a long plate with a circle in the center subjected to uniaxial tension, as shown in Figure 3. The LaRC05 damage criterion is tested for this model with a number of different element types. The criterion is also used in conjunction with damage evolution for a similar model to simulate crack nucleation and subsequent propagation in an extended finite element method (XFEM) analysis.

Results and discussion

If you define the damage initiation criterion without defining an associated damage evolution law, the initiation criterion will affect only output (the material response is not affected). This is the case for most of the models presented here. The damage initiation criterion output variables LARCMCCRT, LARCFKCRT, LARCFSCRT, and LARCFTCRT were reviewed. The numerical results match the results obtained by hand calculations, based on the formula presented in Larc05 Criterion. Figure 4 shows the crack nucleation and propagation in an XFEM analysis with three different scenarios (that is, off-axis angles equal to 0°, -45°, and 90°).

Input files

larc05_dmgcrt_c3d10.inp: C3D10 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_c3d4.inp: C3D4 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_c3d6.inp: C3D6 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_cps4.inp: CPS4 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_cps4r.inp: CPS4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_m3d4.inp: M3D4 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_m3d4r.inp: M3D4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_s3.inp: S3 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_s3r.inp: S3R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_s4.inp: S4 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_s4r.inp: S4R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_s4r5.inp: S4R5 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_s8r.inp: S8R elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_s8r5.inp: S8R5 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgcrt_stri65.inp: STRI65 elements are subjected to uniaxial tension.
larc05_dmgini_00.inp: 3D XFEM model is subjected to uniaxial tension, off-axis angle, 0°.
larc05_dmgini_45.inp: 3D XFEM model is subjected to uniaxial tension, off-axis angle, 45°.
larc05_dmgini_90.inp: 3D XFEM model is subjected to uniaxial tension, off-axis angle, 90°.

Ply fabric criterion

Elements tested

CPS4R

S4R

Features tested

The ply fabric damage initiation criterion with bilamina elasticity and shear plasticity is tested.

Problem description

This verification problem contains one-element models subjected to uniaxial tension in the vertical direction with or without compression in the horizontal direction. The ply fabric damage initiation criterion is tested for this model with S4R and CPS4R elements. The criterion is also tested in conjunction with damage evolution.

Results and discussion

The models without compression in the horizontal direction exhibit an elastic response that is consistent with the tensile moduli of the bilamina elasticity definition. When the damage initiation criterion is defined without an associated damage evolution law, the initiation criterion affects only output (the material response is not affected). The results for the damage initiation criterion output variables PLF1TCRT, PLF1CCRT, PLF2TCRT, PLF2CCRT, and PLSHRCRT are consistent with the expected solution. All numerical results match the solutions obtained by hand calculations, based on the formula presented in Ply Fabric Criterion.

Input files

ply_fabric_x2t.inp: S4R element subjected to uniaxial tension with bilamina elasticity, shear plasticity, damage initiation, and evolution.
ply_fabric_x2t_cps4.inp: CPS4R element subjected to uniaxial tension with bilamina elasticity, shear plasticity, damage initiation, and evolution.
ply_fabric_x2tx1c_crt.inp: S4R element subjected to combined tension and compression without damage evolution.
ply_fabric_x2tx1c_Ela.inp: S4R element subjected to combined tension and compression with bilamina elasticity only.
ply_fabric_shear_plasYesDmgNo.inp: S4R element subjected to combined tension and compression with bilamina elasticity and shear plasticity only.
ply_fabric_shear_rate.inp: S4R element subjected to combined tension and compression with power law rate-dependent shear plasticity.
ply_fabric_shear_rateJC.inp: S4R element subjected to combined tension and compression with Johnson-Cook rate-dependent shear plasticity.
ply_fabric_shear_rateJC_tab.inp: S4R element subjected to combined tension and compression with Johnson-Cook rate-dependent shear plasticity with tabulated hardening data.

Import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit (Hashin model)

Elements tested

CPS3

CPS4R

M3D3

M3D4

M3D4R

S3R

S4R

SC6R

SC8R

Problem description

This category of problems tests the import capability from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit with the Hashin damage model. All tests subject the elements to uniaxial tension and compression loading in Abaqus/Standard. The model is then imported into Abaqus/Explicit and is subjected to further uniaxial tension and compression loading. Two fiber orientations, 0° and 45°, are considered. All the tests include problems that import neither the reference configuration nor the state, problems that import only the state, problems that import only the reference configuration, and problems that import both the reference configuration and the state.

Results and discussion

The import capability is validated by comparing various damage variables and energy dissipation due to damage after each import of the results; the response after import is as expected.

Input files

sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0_n_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0_n_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp with only the state imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0_y_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp with only the reference configuration imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0_y_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45_n_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45_n_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp with only the state imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45_y_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp with only the reference configuration imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45_y_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0_n_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0_n_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp with only the state imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0_y_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp with only the reference configuration imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0_y_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45_n_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45_n_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp with only the state imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45_y_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp with only the reference configuration imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45_y_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0_n_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0_n_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp with only the state imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0_y_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp with only the reference configuration imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0_y_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45_n_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45_n_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp with only the state imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45_y_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp with only the reference configuration imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45_y_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0_n_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0_n_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp with only the state imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0_y_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp with only the reference configuration imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0_y_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45_n_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45_n_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp with only the state imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45_y_n.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp with only the reference configuration imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
sx_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45_y_y.inp: Explicit dynamic continuation of sx_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.

Import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard

Elements tested

CPS3

CPS4R

M3D3

M3D4

M3D4R

S3R

S4R

SC6R

SC8R

Problem description

This category of problems tests the import capability from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard with the Hashin damage model. All tests subject the elements to uniaxial tension and compression loading in Abaqus/Explicit. The model is then imported into Abaqus/Standard and is subjected to further uniaxial tension and compression loading. Two fiber orientations, 0° and 45°, are considered. All the tests include problems that import neither the reference configuration nor the state, problems that import only the state, problems that import only the reference configuration, and problems that import both the reference configuration and the state.

Results and discussion

The import capability is validated by comparing various damage variables and energy dissipation due to damage after each import of the results; the response after import is as expected.

Input files

xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp: Base problem for carrying out import from Abaqus/Explicit to Abaqus/Standard; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0_n_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0_n_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp with only the state imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0_y_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp with only the reference configuration imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0_y_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_0.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45_n_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45_n_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp with only the state imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45_y_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp with only the reference configuration imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45_y_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cps_45.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; CPS3 and CPS4R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0_n_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0_n_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp with only the state imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0_y_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp with only the reference configuration imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0_y_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_0.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45_n_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45_n_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp with only the state imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45_y_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp with only the reference configuration imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45_y_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_mem_45.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; M3D3, M3D4R, and M3D4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0_n_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0_n_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp with only the state imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0_y_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp with only the reference configuration imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0_y_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_0.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45_n_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45_n_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp with only the state imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45_y_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp with only the reference configuration imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45_y_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_shell_45.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; S3R, S4R, and S4 elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0_n_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0_n_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp with only the state imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0_y_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp with only the reference configuration imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0_y_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_0.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 0°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45_n_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp without importing the reference configuration or the state; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45_n_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp with only the state imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45_y_n.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp with only the reference configuration imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.
xs_s_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45_y_y.inp: Static continuation of xs_x_dmg_hsntencomp_cshell_45.inp with both the reference configuration and the state imported; SC6R and SC8R elements; fiber orientation 45°.

Element deletion

Elements tested

CPS4

CPS4R

M3D4

S4R

Features tested

The default and nondefault degradation behaviors are tested. By default, in Abaqus/Standard elements are deleted if the damage variable for each failure mode and at each material point reaches the default maximum degradation value, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ . By contrast, the default behavior in Abaqus/Explicit is to delete an element when the damage variables associated with either of the fiber failure modes (tensile or compressive) reaches $d_{m a x}$ at all the section points at any one integration location of an element. As an exception, a shell element (for example, S4 or S4R) is deleted in Abaqus/Explicit when all of the active section points (that is, section points where the fiber failure has not been met) at any one integration location share the same through-the-thickness (z-) location. For more details of element deletion driven by material failure, see Material Failure and Element Deletion. You can control whether or not element deletion is activated, and you can specify the value of the damage variable at or above which a material point is assumed to be completely damaged.

Problem description

Each model consists of nine elements. A linear elastic material is assigned to all the elements except one, for which a fiber reinforced damage model is used. The specimen is subjected to biaxial extension, which is followed by biaxial compression. For each of the elements three different cases are tested:

default behavior ( $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ , and elements are deleted if the deletion criteria are satisfied);
default value of maximum degradation ( $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ), and the elements remain active even if the deletion criteria are satisfied; and
the maximum degradation $d_{m a x}$ is specified (0.99 for Abaqus/Standard tests; 0.975 for Abaqus/Explicit tests), and the elements remain active even if the deletion criteria are satisfied.

Results and discussion

In Abaqus/Standard simulations, the first step (biaxial extension) causes the fiber tensile and matrix tensile modes to be completely damaged. In the subsequent biaxial compression step, the remaining two failure modes (fiber and matrix compressive modes) are completely damaged as well. The evolutions of damage variables stop when the value of $d_{m a x}$ is reached. Once the maximum degradation is reached at all material points for all failure modes, the elements are deleted when deletion is requested and remain active when element deletion is not requested. In Abaqus/Explicit simulations, the criterion for element deletion is met during the first step as the fibers fail in tensile mode. The element is deleted or remains active depending on whether or not element deletion is activated.

Input files

Abaqus/Standard input files

damage_elemdelete_cps4.inp: CPS4 elements are tested with default behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=YES, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
damage_elemnodelete_cps4.inp: CPS4 elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
damage_elemnodelete099_cps4.inp: CPS4 elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, MAX DEGRADATION= 0.99).
damage_elemdelete_m3d4.inp: M3D4 elements are tested with default behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=YES, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
damage_elemnodelete_m3d4.inp: M3D4 elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
damage_elemnodelete099_m3d4.inp: M3D4 elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, MAX DEGRADATION= 0.99).
damage_elemdelete_s4.inp: S4 elements are tested with default behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=YES, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
damage_elemnodelete_s4.inp: S4 elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
damage_elemnodelete099_s4.inp: S4 elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, MAX DEGRADATION= 0.99).

Abaqus/Explicit input files

x_damage_elemdelete_cps4r.inp: CPS4R elements are tested with default behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=YES, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
x_damage_elemnodelete_cps4r.inp: CPS4R elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
x_damage_elemnodelete0975_cps4r.inp: CPS4R elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, MAX DEGRADATION= 0.975).
x_damage_elemdelete_s4r.inp: S4R elements are tested with default behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=YES, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
x_damage_elemnodelete_s4r.inp: S4R elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
x_damage_elemnodelete0975_s4r.inp: S4R elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, MAX DEGRADATION= 0.975).
x_damage_elemdelete_s4.inp: S4 elements are tested with default behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=YES, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
x_damage_elemnodelete_s4.inp: S4 elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, $d_{m a x} = 1.0$ ).
x_damage_elemnodelete0975_s4.inp: S4 elements are tested with nondefault behavior (SECTION CONTROLS, ELEMENT DELETION=NO, MAX DEGRADATION= 0.975).

Procedures

Elements tested

CPS4

CPS4R

Features tested

The Hashin damage initiation criteria with energy-based evolution law are tested with different types of procedures in Abaqus/Standard.

Problem description

This verification test consists of small models (up to nine elements) that are used with various procedure types in Abaqus/Standard. Element removal and reactivation using model change are tested by removing the element, reactivating it in the subsequent step, and verifying that all the state variables are reset correctly. The dynamic and Riks analyses are tested by comparing the numerical results with the analytical results. Finally, the linear perturbation procedures are tested by performing a general step in which the material properties are degraded before the perturbation step and then comparing the results with those obtained using a material without damage with appropriately modified parameters.

Results and discussion

The results agree well with exact analytical results or numerical results obtained using undamaged material.

Input files

damage_riks.inp: Riks analysis.
damage_modelchange.inp: Model change.
damage_freq.inp: Frequency extraction analysis.
damage_freq_undamaged.inp: Frequency extraction analysis (model without damage).
damage_dyn.inp: Dynamic analysis.
damage_ssd.inp: Steady-state dynamics.
damage_ssd_undamaged.inp: Steady-state dynamics (model without damage).