Variables to Populate the Data Query
You can create Filter variables to send filters to the Data Query. These are the context variables that you find in the Effects On click actions of several visualizations, in Table or Chart properties. For example, you can send a URI or a list of URIs to the data query.
You can create a String variable to encapsulate a user query and populate the data query with the user query value. If you define the variable in the data query, it is then able to display search results in your hit visualization. For example, these are the context variables that you find in the Data properties of the Search Field and List - Detail visualizations.