ProductsAbaqus/StandardAbaqus/Explicit
Element Types
Stress/Displacement Elements
- C3D4
-
4-node linear tetrahedron
- C3D4H
-
4-node linear tetrahedron, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D5
-
5-node linear pyramid
- C3D5H(S)
-
5-node linear pyramid, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D6(S)
-
6-node linear triangular prism
- C3D6(E)
-
6-node linear triangular prism, reduced integration with hourglass control
- C3D6H(S)
-
6-node linear triangular prism, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D8
-
8-node linear brick
- C3D8H(S)
-
8-node linear brick, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D8I
-
8-node linear brick, incompatible modes
- C3D8IH(S)
-
8-node linear brick, incompatible modes, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D8R
-
8-node linear brick, reduced integration with hourglass control
- C3D8RH(S)
-
8-node linear brick, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with
constant pressure
- C3D8S(S)
-
8-node linear brick, improved surface stress visualization
- C3D8HS(S)
-
8-node linear brick, hybrid with constant pressure, improved surface stress
visualization
- C3D10
-
10-node quadratic tetrahedron
- C3D10H(S)
-
10-node quadratic tetrahedron, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D10HS(S)
-
10-node general-purpose quadratic tetrahedron, improved surface stress
visualization
- C3D10M
-
10-node modified tetrahedron, with hourglass control
- C3D10MH(S)
-
10-node modified tetrahedron, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear
pressure
- C3D15(S)
-
15-node quadratic triangular prism
- C3D15H(S)
-
15-node quadratic triangular prism, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D20(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick
- C3D20H(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D20R(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick, reduced integration
- C3D20RH(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure
- CSS8(S)
-
8-node linear solid shell brick, incompatible modes, with assumed strain
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3
Additional Solution Variables
The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating
to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have four additional
variables relating to pressure.
Element types C3D8I and C3D8IH have thirteen additional variables relating to the incompatible
modes.
Element types C3D10M and C3D10MH have three additional displacement variables.
Element type CSS8 has seven additional variables relating to the incompatible
modes.
Stress/Displacement Variable Node Elements
- C3D15V(S)
-
15 to 18-node triangular prism
- C3D15VH(S)
-
15 to 18-node triangular prism, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D27(S)
-
21 to 27-node brick
- C3D27H(S)
-
21 to 27-node brick, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D27R(S)
-
21 to 27-node brick, reduced integration
- C3D27RH(S)
-
21 to 27-node brick, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3
Additional Solution Variables
The hybrid elements have four additional variables relating to pressure.
Coupled Temperature-Displacement Elements
- C3D4T
-
4-node linear displacement and temperature
- C3D6T(S)
-
6-node linear displacement and temperature
- C3D6T(E)
-
6-node linear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with
hourglass control
- C3D6HT(S)
-
6-node linear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D8T
-
8-node trilinear displacement and temperature
- C3D8HT(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D8RT
-
8-node trilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with
hourglass control
- C3D8RHT(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with
hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D10T(S)
-
10-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature
- C3D10HT(S)
-
10-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature, hybrid with
constant pressure
- C3D10MT
-
10-node modified displacement and temperature tetrahedron, with hourglass
control
- C3D10MHT(S)
-
10-node modified displacement and temperature tetrahedron, with hourglass
control, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D20T(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature
- C3D20HT(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature, hybrid with linear
pressure
- C3D20RT(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature, reduced
integration
- C3D20RHT(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature, reduced
integration, hybrid with linear pressure
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3, 11 at corner nodes
1, 2, 3 at midside nodes of second-order elements in
Abaqus/Standard
1, 2, 3, 11 at midside nodes of modified displacement and temperature
elements in
Abaqus/Standard
Additional Solution Variables
The constant pressure hybrid element has one additional variable relating to
pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have four additional
variables relating to pressure.
Element types C3D10MT and C3D10MHT have three additional displacement variables and one additional
temperature variable.
Coupled Thermal-Electrical-Structural Elements
- Q3D4(S)
-
4-node linear displacement, electric potential and temperature
- Q3D6(S)
-
6-node linear displacement, electric potential and temperature
- Q3D8(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, electric potential and temperature
- Q3D8H(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, electric potential and temperature, hybrid
with constant pressure
- Q3D8R(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, electric potential and temperature, reduced
integration with hourglass control
- Q3D8RH(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, electric potential and temperature, reduced
integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure
- Q3D10M(S)
-
10-node modified displacement, electric potential and temperature
tetrahedron, with hourglass control
- Q3D10MH(S)
-
10-node modified displacement, electric potential and temperature
tetrahedron, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure
- Q3D20(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear electric potential and
trilinear temperature
- Q3D20H(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear electric potential, trilinear
temperature, hybrid with linear pressure
- Q3D20R(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear electric potential, trilinear
temperature, reduced integration
- Q3D20RH(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear electric potential, trilinear
temperature, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3, 9, 11 at corner nodes
1, 2, 3 at midside nodes of second-order elements in
Abaqus/Standard
1, 2, 3, 9, 11 at midside nodes of modified displacement and temperature
elements in
Abaqus/Standard
Additional Solution Variables
The constant pressure hybrid element has one additional variable relating to
pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have four additional
variables relating to pressure.
Element types Q3D10M and Q3D10MH have three additional displacement variables, one additional
electric potential variable, and one additional temperature variable.
Diffusive Heat Transfer or Mass Diffusion Elements
- DC3D4(S)
-
4-node linear tetrahedron
- DC3D5
-
5-node linear pyramid
- DC3D6(S)
-
6-node linear triangular prism
- DC3D8(S)
-
8-node linear brick
- DC3D8R(S)
- 8-node linear brick, reduced
integration, hourglass control
- DC3D10(S)
-
10-node quadratic tetrahedron
- DC3D15(S)
-
15-node quadratic triangular prism
- DC3D20(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick
Active Degrees of Freedom
11
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Forced Convection/Diffusion Elements
- DCC3D8(S)
-
8-node
- DCC3D8D(S)
-
8-node with dispersion control
Active Degrees of Freedom
11
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Coupled Thermal-Electrical Elements
- DC3D4E(S)
-
4-node linear tetrahedron
- DC3D6E(S)
-
6-node linear triangular prism
- DC3D8E(S)
-
8-node linear brick
- DC3D10E(S)
-
10-node quadratic tetrahedron
- DC3D15E(S)
-
15-node quadratic triangular prism
- DC3D20E(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick
Active Degrees of Freedom
9, 11
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Pore Pressure Elements
- C3D4P(S)
-
4-node linear displacement and pore pressure
- C3D4PH(S)
-
4-node linear displacement and pore pressure, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D6P(S)
-
6-node linear displacement and pore pressure
- C3D6PH(S)
-
6-node linear displacement and pore pressure, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D8P(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement and pore pressure
- C3D8PH(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement and pore pressure, hybrid with constant
pressure
- C3D8RP(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement and pore pressure, reduced integration
- C3D8RPH(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement and pore pressure, reduced integration, hybrid
with constant pressure
- C3D10P(S)
-
10-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure
- C3D10PH(S)
-
10-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, hybrid with
constant pressure
- C3D10MP(S)
-
10-node modified displacement and pore pressure tetrahedron, with hourglass
control
- C3D10MPH(S)
-
10-node modified displacement and pore pressure tetrahedron, with hourglass
control, hybrid with linear pressure
- C3D20P(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure
- C3D20PH(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, hybrid with
linear pressure
- C3D20RP(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, reduced
integration
- C3D20RPH(S)
-
20-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, reduced
integration, hybrid with linear pressure
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3 at midside nodes for all elements except C3D10MP and C3D10MPH, which also have degree of freedom 8 active at midside nodes
1, 2, 3, 8 at corner nodes
Additional Solution Variables
The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating
to the effective pressure stress, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have
four additional variables relating to the effective pressure stress to permit
fully incompressible material modeling.
Element types C3D10MP and C3D10MPH have three additional displacement variables and one additional
pore pressure variable.
Coupled Temperature–Pore Pressure Elements
- C3D4PT(S)
-
4-node trilinear displacement, pore pressure, and temperature
- C3D4PHT(S)
-
4-node trilinear displacement, pore pressure, and temperature; hybrid with
linear pressure
- C3D6PT(S)
-
6-node trilinear displacement, pore pressure, and temperature
- C3D6PHT(S)
-
6-node trilinear displacement, pore pressure, and temperature; hybrid with
constant pressure
- C3D8PT(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, pore pressure, and temperature
- C3D8PHT(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, pore pressure, and temperature; hybrid with
constant pressure
- C3D8RPT(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, pore pressure, and temperature; reduced
integration
- C3D8RPHT(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, pore pressure, and temperature; reduced
integration, hybrid with constant pressure
- C3D10MPT(S)
-
10-node modified displacement, pore pressure, and temperature tetrahedron,
with hourglass control
- C3D10PT(S)
-
10-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, and temperature
- C3D10PHT(S)
-
10-node triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, and temperature;
hybrid with constant pressure
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3, 8, 11
Additional Solution Variables
The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating
to the effective pressure stress to permit fully incompressible material
modeling.
Element type C3D10MPT has three additional displacement variables, one additional pore
pressure variable, and one additional temperature variable.
Acoustic Elements
- AC3D4
-
4-node linear tetrahedron
- AC3D5
-
5-node linear pyramid
- AC3D6
-
6-node linear triangular prism
- AC3D8(S)
-
8-node linear brick
- AC3D8R(E)
-
8-node linear brick, reduced integration with hourglass control
- AC3D10(S)
-
10-node quadratic tetrahedron
- AC3D15(S)
-
15-node quadratic triangular prism
- AC3D20(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick
Active Degrees of Freedom
8
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Poroelastic Acoustic Elements
- C3D4A(S)
-
4-node linear tetrahedron
- C3D6A(S)
-
6-node linear triangular prism
- C3D8A(S)
-
8-node linear brick
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3, 8
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Piezoelectric Elements
- C3D4E(S)
-
4-node linear tetrahedron
- C3D6E(S)
-
6-node linear triangular prism
- C3D8E(S)
-
8-node linear brick
- C3D10E(S)
-
10-node quadratic tetrahedron
- C3D15E(S)
-
15-node quadratic triangular prism
- C3D20E(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick
- C3D20RE(S)
-
20-node quadratic brick, reduced integration
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3, 9
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Electromagnetic Elements
- EMC3D4(S)
-
4-node zero-order
- EMC3D6(S)
-
6-node zero-order
- EMC3D8(S)
-
8-node zero-order
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Coupled Thermal-Electrochemical Elements
-
QEC3D8(S)
-
8-node trilinear electric potential in solid, temperature, electric potential in
fluid, and ion concentration
Active Degrees of Freedom
9, 11, 32, 33 at corner nodes
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Coupled Thermal-Electrochemical-Structural Elements
-
QEC3D8(S)
-
8-node trilinear displacement, electric potential in solid, temperature, electric
potential in fluid, and ion concentration
Active Degrees of Freedom
1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 32, 33 at corner nodes
Additional Solution Variables
None.
Nodal Coordinates Required
Element Property Definition
Element-Based Loading
Distributed Loads
Distributed loads are available for all elements with displacement
degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in
Distributed Loads. *dload
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BX
- FL−3
-
Body force in global X-direction.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BY
- FL−3
-
Body force in global Y-direction.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BZ
- FL−3
-
Body force in global Z-direction.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BXNU
- FL−3
-
Nonuniform body force in global X-direction with
magnitude supplied via user subroutine
DLOAD in
Abaqus/Standard
and
VDLOAD in
Abaqus/Explicit.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BYNU
- FL−3
-
Nonuniform body force in global Y-direction with
magnitude supplied via user subroutine
DLOAD in
Abaqus/Standard
and
VDLOAD in
Abaqus/Explicit.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): BZNU
- FL−3
-
Nonuniform body force in global Z-direction with
magnitude supplied via user subroutine
DLOAD in
Abaqus/Standard
and
VDLOAD in
Abaqus/Explicit.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): CENT(S)
- FL−4(ML−3T−2)
-
Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as ,
where
is the mass density per unit volume,
is the angular velocity). Not available for pore pressure elements.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): CENTRIF(S)
- T−2
-
Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as ,
where
is the angular velocity).
- Load ID (*DLOAD): CORIO(S)
- FL−4T
(ML−3T−1)
-
Coriolis force (magnitude is input as ,
where
is the mass density per unit volume,
is the angular velocity). Not available for pore pressure elements.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): GRAV
- LT−2
-
Gravity loading in a specified direction (magnitude is input as
acceleration).
- Load ID (*DLOAD): HPn(S)
- FL−2
-
Hydrostatic pressure on face n, linear in global
Z.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): Pn
- FL−2
-
Pressure on face n.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): PnNU
- FL−2
-
Nonuniform pressure on face n with magnitude
supplied via user subroutine
DLOAD in
Abaqus/Standard
and
VDLOAD in
Abaqus/Explicit.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): ROTA(S)
- T−2
-
Rotary acceleration load (magnitude is input as ,
where
is the rotary acceleration).
- Load ID (*DLOAD): ROTDYNF(S)
- T−1
-
Rotordynamic load (magnitude is input as ,
where
is the angular velocity).
- Load ID (*DLOAD): SBF(E)
- FL−5T2
-
Stagnation body force in global X-,
Y-, and Z-directions.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): SPn(E)
- FL−4T2
-
Stagnation pressure on face n.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): TRSHRn
- FL−2
-
Shear traction on face n.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): TRSHRnNU(S)
- FL−2
-
Nonuniform shear traction on face n with
magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine
UTRACLOAD.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): TRVECn
- FL−2
-
General traction on face n.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): TRVECnNU(S)
- FL−2
-
Nonuniform general traction on face n with
magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine
UTRACLOAD.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): VBF(E)
- FL−4T
-
Viscous body force in global X-,
Y-, and Z-directions.
- Load ID (*DLOAD): VPn(E)
- FL−3T
-
Viscous pressure on face n, applying a pressure
proportional to the velocity normal to the face and opposing the motion.
Foundations
Foundations are available for
Abaqus/Standard elements
with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in
Element Foundations. *foundation
- Load ID (*FOUNDATION): Fn(S)
- FL−3
-
Elastic foundation on face n.
Distributed Heat Fluxes
Distributed
heat fluxes are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom.
They are specified as described in
Thermal Loads. *dflux
- Load ID (*DFLUX): BF
- JL−3T−1
-
Heat body flux per unit volume.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): BFNU
- JL−3T−1
-
Nonuniform heat body flux per unit volume with magnitude supplied via user
subroutine
DFLUX in
Abaqus/Standard
and
VDFLUX in
Abaqus/Explicit.
- Load ID (*DFLUX):
MBFNU
(S)
-
JT−1
-
Nonuniform moving or stationary concentrated heat fluxes with magnitudes supplied
via user subroutine UMDFLUX.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): Sn
- JL−2T−1
-
Heat surface flux per unit area into face n.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): SnNU
- JL−2T−1
-
Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area into face
n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine
DFLUX in
Abaqus/Standard
and
VDFLUX in
Abaqus/Explicit.
Film Conditions
Film conditions are
available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are
specified as described in
Thermal Loads. *film
- Load ID (*FILM): Fn
- JL−2T−1−1
-
Film coefficient and sink temperature (units of )
provided on face n.
- Load ID (*FILM): FnNU(S)
- JL−2T−1−1
-
Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature (units of
)
provided on face n with magnitude supplied via user
subroutine
FILM.
- Load ID (*FILM): FFS (S)
- JL−2T−1−1
-
Film coefficient and sink temperature (units of )
provided on all free faces of an element.
- Load ID (*FILM): FFSNU (S)
- JL−2T−1−1
-
Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature (units of
)
provided on all free faces of an element with magnitude supplied vis user
subroutine.
Radiation Types
Radiation conditions are available for all elements with temperature
degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in
Thermal Loads. *radiate
- Load ID (*RADIATE): Rn
- Dimensionless
-
Emissivity and sink temperature (units of )
provided on face n.
- Load ID (*RADIATE): RFS
- Dimensionless
-
Emissivity and sink temperature (units of )
provided on free faces of an element.
Distributed Flows
Distributed flows
are available for all elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom. They are
specified as described in
Pore Fluid Flow. *flow
- Load ID (*FLOW): Qn(S)
- F−1L3T−1
-
Seepage coefficient and reference sink pore pressure (units of
FL−2) provided on face n.
- Load ID (*FLOW): QnD(S)
- F−1L3T−1
-
Drainage-only seepage coefficient provided on face
n.
- Load ID (*FLOW): QnNU(S)
- F−1L3T−1
-
Nonuniform seepage coefficient and reference sink pore pressure (units of
FL−2) provided on face n
with magnitude supplied via user subroutine
FLOW.
*dflow
- Load ID (*DFLOW): Sn(S)
- LT−1
-
Prescribed pore fluid effective velocity (outward from the face) on face
n.
- Load ID (*DFLOW): SnNU(S)
- LT−1
-
Nonuniform prescribed pore fluid effective velocity (outward from the face)
on face n with magnitude supplied via user
subroutine
DFLOW.
Distributed Impedances
Distributed impedances are available for all elements with acoustic
pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in
Acoustic and Shock Loads. *impedance
- Load ID (*IMPEDANCE): In
- None
-
Name of the impedance property that defines the impedance on face
n.
Electric Fluxes
Electric
fluxes are available for piezoelectric elements. They are specified as
described in
Piezoelectric Analysis. *decharge
- Load ID (*DECHARGE): EBF(S)
- CL−3
-
Body flux per unit volume.
- Load ID (*DECHARGE): ESn(S)
- CL−2
-
Prescribed surface charge on face n.
Distributed Electric Current Densities
Distributed electric current densities are available for coupled thermal-electrical, coupled
thermal-electrochemical, coupled thermal-electrical-structural, coupled
thermal-electrochemical-structural, and electromagnetic elements. They are specified as
described in Coupled Thermal-Electrical Analysis, Coupled Thermal-Electrochemical Analysis, Fully Coupled Thermal-Electrical-Structural Analysis, and Eddy Current Analysis.
Distributed fluid electric current densities are available for coupled
thermal-electrochemical and coupled thermal-electrochemical-structural elements. They
are specified as described in Coupled Thermal-Electrochemical Analysis. *decurrent
- Load ID (*DECURRENT): CBF(S)
- CL−3T−1
-
Volumetric current source density.
- Load ID (*DECURRENT): CSn(S)
- CL−2T−1
-
Current density on face n.
- Load ID (*DECURRENT): CJ(S)
- CL−2T−1
-
Volume current density vector in an eddy current analysis.
- Load ID (*DECURRENT):
ECSn
(S)
-
CL−2T−1
-
Fluid current density on face n.
Distributed Concentration Fluxes
Distributed concentration fluxes are available for mass diffusion elements, coupled
thermal-electrochemical and coupled thermal-electrochemical-structural elements. They
are specified as described in Mass Diffusion Analysis and Coupled Thermal-Electrochemical Analysis. *dflux
- Load ID (*DFLUX): BF(S)
- PT−1
-
Concentration body flux per unit volume.
- Load ID (*DFLUX):
BFCE
(S)
-
Mole L−3T−1
-
Ion concentration body flux per unit volume.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): BFNU(S)
- PT−1
-
Nonuniform concentration body flux per unit volume with magnitude supplied
via user subroutine
DFLUX.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): Sn(S)
- PLT−1
-
Concentration surface flux per unit area into face
n.
- Load ID (*DFLUX): SnNU(S)
- PLT−1
-
Nonuniform concentration surface flux per unit area into face
n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine
DFLUX.
Surface-Based Loading
Distributed Loads
Surface-based distributed loads are available for all elements with
displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in
Distributed Loads. *dsload
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): HP(S)
- FL−2
-
Hydrostatic pressure on the element surface, linear in global
Z.
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): P
- FL−2
-
Pressure on the element surface.
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): PNU
- FL−2
-
Nonuniform pressure on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user
subroutine
DLOAD in
Abaqus/Standard
and
VDLOAD in
Abaqus/Explicit.
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): SP(E)
- FL−4T2
-
Stagnation pressure on the element surface.
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRSHR
- FL−2
-
Shear traction on the element surface.
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRSHRNU(S)
- FL−2
-
Nonuniform shear traction on the element surface with magnitude and
direction supplied via user subroutine
UTRACLOAD.
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRVEC
- FL−2
-
General traction on the element surface.
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRVECNU(S)
- FL−2
-
Nonuniform general traction on the element surface with magnitude and
direction supplied via user subroutine
UTRACLOAD.
- Load ID (*DSLOAD): VP(E)
- FL−3T
-
Viscous pressure applied on the element surface. The viscous pressure is
proportional to the velocity normal to the element face and opposing the
motion.
Distributed Heat Fluxes
Surface-based
heat fluxes are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom.
They are specified as described in
Thermal Loads. *dsflux
- Load ID (*DSFLUX): S
- JL−2T−1
-
Heat surface flux per unit area into the element surface.
- Load ID (*DSFLUX): SNU
- JL−2T−1
-
Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area into the element surface with
magnitude supplied via user subroutine
DFLUX in
Abaqus/Standard
and
VDFLUX in
Abaqus/Explicit.
Film Conditions
Surface-based film
conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom.
They are specified as described in
Thermal Loads. *sfilm
- Load ID (*SFILM): F
- JL−2T−1−1
-
Film coefficient and sink temperature (units of )
provided on the element surface.
- Load ID (*SFILM): FNU(S)
- JL−2T−1−1
-
Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature (units of
)
provided on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine
FILM.
Radiation Types
Surface-based radiation conditions are available for all elements with
temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in
Thermal Loads. *sradiate
- Load ID (*SRADIATE): R
- Dimensionless
-
Emissivity and sink temperature (units of )
provided on the element surface.
- Load ID (*SRADIATE): AVG
- Dimensionless
-
Emissivity provided on the element surface.
Distributed Flows
Surface-based
flows are available for all elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom.
They are specified as described in
Pore Fluid Flow. *sflow
- Load ID (*SFLOW): Q(S)
- F−1L3T−1
-
Seepage coefficient and reference sink pore pressure (units of
FL−2) provided on the element surface.
- Load ID (*SFLOW): QD(S)
- F−1L3T−1
-
Drainage-only seepage coefficient provided on the element surface.
- Load ID (*SFLOW): QNU(S)
- F−1L3T−1
-
Nonuniform seepage coefficient and reference sink pore pressure (units of
FL−2) provided on the element surface with magnitude
supplied via user subroutine
FLOW.
*dsflow
- Load ID (*DSFLOW): S(S)
- LT−1
-
Prescribed pore fluid effective velocity outward from the element surface.
- Load ID (*DSFLOW): SNU(S)
- LT−1
-
Nonuniform prescribed pore fluid effective velocity outward from the element
surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine
DFLOW.
Distributed Impedances
Surface-based impedances are available for all elements with acoustic
pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in
Acoustic and Shock Loads.
Incident Wave Loading
Surface-based incident wave loads are available for all elements with
displacement degrees of freedom or acoustic pressure degrees of freedom. They
are specified as described in
Acoustic and Shock Loads.
If the incident wave field includes a reflection off a plane outside the
boundaries of the mesh, this effect can be
included.
Electric Fluxes
Surface-based electric fluxes are available for piezoelectric elements.
They are specified as described in
Piezoelectric Analysis. *dsecharge
- Load ID (*DSECHARGE): ES(S)
- CL−2
-
Prescribed surface charge on the element surface.
Distributed Electric Current Densities
Element Output
For most
elements output is in global directions unless a local coordinate system is
assigned to the element through the section definition (Orientations)
in which case output is in the local coordinate system (which rotates with the
motion in large-displacement analysis). See
State storage
for details.
Stress, Strain, and Other Tensor Components
Stress
and other tensors (including strain tensors) are available for elements with
displacement degrees of freedom. All tensors have the same components. For
example, the stress components are as follows:
- S11
-
,
direct stress.
- S22
-
,
direct stress.
- S33
-
,
direct stress.
- S12
-
,
shear stress.
- S13
-
,
shear stress.
- S23
-
,
shear stress.
Note: the order shown above is not the same as that used in user subroutine
VUMAT.
Heat Flux Components
Available
for elements with temperature degrees of freedom.
- HFL1
-
Heat flux in the X-direction.
- HFL2
-
Heat flux in the Y-direction.
- HFL3
-
Heat flux in the Z-direction.
Pore Fluid Velocity Components
Available
for elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom.
- FLVEL1
-
Pore fluid effective velocity in the X-direction.
- FLVEL2
-
Pore fluid effective velocity in the Y-direction.
- FLVEL3
-
Pore fluid effective velocity in the Z-direction.
Mass Concentration Flux Components
Available
for elements with normalized concentration degrees of freedom.
- MFL1
-
Concentration flux in the X-direction.
- MFL2
-
Concentration flux in the Y-direction.
- MFL3
-
Concentration flux in the Z-direction.
Electrical Potential Gradient
Available
for elements with electrical potential degrees of freedom.
- EPG1
-
Electrical potential gradient in the X-direction.
- EPG2
-
Electrical potential gradient in the Y-direction.
- EPG3
-
Electrical potential gradient in the Z-direction.
Electrical Flux Components
Available
for piezoelectric elements.
- EFLX1
-
Electrical flux in the X-direction.
- EFLX2
-
Electrical flux in the Y-direction.
- EFLX3
-
Electrical flux in the Z-direction.
Electrical Current Density Components
Available
for coupled thermal-electrical and coupled thermal-electrical-structural
elements. - ECD1
-
Electrical current density in the X-direction.
- ECD2
-
Electrical current density in the -direction.
- ECD3
-
Electrical current density in the Z-direction.
Electrical Field Components
Available
for electromagnetic elements in an eddy current analysis.
- EME1
-
Electric field in the X-direction.
- EME2
-
Electric field in the Y-direction.
- EME3
-
Electric field in the Z-direction.
Magnetic Flux Density Components
Available for electromagnetic elements.
- EMB1
-
Magnetic flux density in the X-direction.
- EMB2
-
Magnetic flux density in the Y-direction.
- EMB3
-
Magnetic flux density in the Z-direction.
Magnetic Field Components
Available for electromagnetic elements.
- EMH1
-
Magnetic field in the X-direction.
- EMH2
-
Magnetic field in the Y-direction.
- EMH3
-
Magnetic field in the Z-direction.
Eddy Current Density Components in an Eddy Current Analysis
Available for electromagnetic elements in an eddy current
analysis. - EMCD1
-
Eddy current density in the X-direction.
- EMCD2
-
Eddy current density in the Y-direction.
- EMCD3
-
Eddy current density in the Z-direction.
Applied Volume Current Density Components in an Eddy Current or Magnetostatic Analysis
Available for electromagnetic elements in an eddy current or
magnetostatic analysis. - EMCDA1
-
Applied volume current density in the X-direction.
- EMCDA2
-
Applied volume current density in the Y-direction.
- EMCDA3
-
Applied volume current density in the Z-direction.
Node Ordering and Face Numbering on Elements
All Elements Except Variable Node Elements
Table 1. Tetrahedral element faces
Face 1
|
1 – 2 – 3 face
|
Face 2
|
1 – 4 – 2 face
|
Face 3
|
2 – 4 – 3 face
|
Face 4
|
3 – 4 – 1 face
|
Table 2. Pyramid element faces
Face 1
|
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 face
|
Face 2
|
1 – 5 – 2 face
|
Face 3
|
2 – 5 – 3 face
|
Face 4
|
3 – 5 – 4 face
|
Face 5
|
4 – 5 – 1 face
|
Table 3. Wedge (triangular prism) element faces
Face 1
|
1 – 2 – 3 face
|
Face 2
|
4 – 6 – 5 face
|
Face 3
|
1 – 4 – 5 – 2 face
|
Face 4
|
2 – 5 – 6 – 3 face
|
Face 5
|
3 – 6 – 4 – 1 face
|
Table 4. Hexahedron (brick) element faces
Face 1
|
1 – 2 – 3 – 4 face
|
Face 2
|
5 – 8 – 7 – 6 face
|
Face 3
|
1 – 5 – 6 – 2 face
|
Face 4
|
2 – 6 – 7 – 3 face
|
Face 5
|
3 – 7 – 8 – 4 face
|
Face 6
|
4 – 8 – 5 – 1 face
|
Variable Node Elements
16–18 are midface nodes on the three rectangular faces (see below for faces 1
to 5). These
nodes can be omitted from an element by entering a zero or blank in the
corresponding position when giving the nodes on the element. Only nodes 16–18
can be omitted.
Table 5. Face location of nodes 16 to 18
Face node number
|
Corner nodes on face
|
16
|
1 – 4 – 5 – 2
|
17
|
2 – 5 – 6 – 3
|
18
|
3 – 6 – 4 – 1
|
Node 21 is located at the centroid of the element.
(nodes 22–27) are midface nodes on the six faces (see below for faces 1 to 6).
These
nodes can be deleted from an element by entering a zero or blank in the
corresponding position when giving the nodes on the element. Only nodes 22–27
can be omitted.
Table 6. Face location of nodes 22 to 27
Face node number
|
Corner nodes on face
|
22
|
1 – 2 – 3 – 4
|
23
|
5 – 8 – 7 – 6
|
24
|
1 – 5 – 6 – 2
|
25
|
2 – 6 – 7 – 3
|
26
|
3 – 7 – 8 – 4
|
27
|
4 – 8 – 5 – 1
|
Numbering of Integration Points for Output
All Elements Except Variable Node Elements
This shows the scheme in the layer closest to the 1–2–3 and 1–2–3–4 faces.
The integration points in the second and third layers are numbered
consecutively. Multiple layers are used for composite solid elements.
For heat transfer applications a different integration scheme is used for
tetrahedral and wedge elements, as described in
Triangular, tetrahedral, and wedge elements.
For linear triangular prisms in
Abaqus/Explicit
reduced integration is used; therefore, a C3D6 element and a C3D6T element have only one integration point.
For the linear bricks C3D8S and C3D8HS in
Abaqus/Standard
improved stress visualization is obtained through a 27-point integration rule,
consisting of 8 integration points at the elements' nodes, 12 integration
points on the elements' edges, 6 integration points on the elements' sides, and
one integration point inside the element.
For the general-purpose C3D10HS 10-node tetrahedra in
Abaqus/Standard
improved stress visualization is obtained through an 11-point integration rule,
consisting of 10 integration points at the elements' nodes and one integration
point at their centroid.
For acoustic tetrahedra, pyramid, and wedges in
Abaqus/Standard
full integration is used; therefore, an AC3D4 element has 4 integration points, an AC3D5 element has 5 integration points, an AC3D6 element has 6 integration points, an AC3D10 element has 15 integration points, and an AC3D15 element has 18 integration points.
Variable Node Elements
This shows the scheme in the layer closest to the 1–2–3 and 1–2–3–4 faces.
The integration points in the second and third layers are numbered
consecutively. Multiple layers are used for composite solid elements. The face
nodes do not appear.
Node 21 is located at the centroid of the element.
|