Abaqus Interactions Guide
Available Contact Algorithms in Abaqus
Defining a Surface-Based Contact Simulation
Contact Simulation Capabilities in Abaqus/Standard
Contact Simulation Capabilities in Abaqus/Explicit
Compatibility between Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit
Defining General Contact in Abaqus/Standard
About General Contact in Abaqus/Standard
Defining a General Contact Interaction
Surfaces Used for General Contact
Types of Contact Formulations within General Contact Targeting Various Scenarios
Including General Contact in an Analysis
Defining the General Contact Domain
Edge-to-Surface Contact Scenarios
Edge-to-Edge Contact Scenarios
Vertex-to-Surface Contact Scenarios
Surface Properties for General Contact in Abaqus/Standard
Geometry-Based Corrections for Curved Surfaces
Contact Properties for General Contact in Abaqus/Standard
Stabilization for General Contact in Abaqus/Standard
Stabilization Based on Viscous Damping of Relative Motion between Surfaces
Assigning Stabilization to Interactions
Specifying Stabilization Scale Factors
Hierarchy of Contact Stabilization Definitions
Numerical Controls for General Contact in Abaqus/Standard
Numerical Controls for Friction
Main and Secondary Surface Roles of a Contact Formulation
Specifying Small Sliding within General Contact
Smoothness of Contact Force Redistribution upon Sliding
Additional Global Numerical Controls for General Contact
Defining Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Standard
About Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Standard
Selecting Surfaces Used in Contact Pairs
Removing and Reactivating Contact Pairs
Assigning Surface Properties for Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Standard
Accounting for Shell and Membrane Thickness
Specifying Surface Geometry Corrections
Assigning Contact Properties for Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Standard
Assigning a Surface Interaction Definition to a Contact Pair
Modeling Contact Interference Fits in Abaqus/Standard
Resolving Excessive Initial Overclosures
Interference Fits for Surface-to-Surface Discretization
Friction and Contact Interferences
Adjusting Contact Controls in Abaqus/Standard
Automatic Stabilization of Rigid Body Motions in Contact Problems
Contact Controls Associated with Normal Contact Constraints
Modifying the Tangential Penalty Stiffness in Linear Perturbation Steps
Contact Pressure–Dependent Constraint Enforcement in Linear Perturbation Steps
Contact Controls Associated with Second-Order Faces
Smoothness of Contact Force Redistribution upon Sliding for Surface-to-Surface Contact Pairs
Defining Tied Contact in Abaqus/Standard
Defining Tied Contact for a Contact Pair
Unconstrained Nodes in Tied Contact Pairs
Extending Main Surfaces and Slide Lines
Extending the Main Surface for Small-Sliding, Node-to-Surface Contact
Extending the Main Surface or Slide Line in Finite-Sliding, Node-to-Surface Contact
Contact Modeling If Substructures Are Present
Defining the Contact Surface of a Substructure
Contact Modeling If Asymmetric-Axisymmetric Elements Are Present
Modeling Contact in Asymmetric-Axisymmetric Problems
Defining General Contact in Abaqus/Explicit
About General Contact in Abaqus/Explicit
Defining a General Contact Interaction
Surfaces Used for General Contact
Including General Contact in an Analysis
Defining the General Contact Domain
Assigning Surface Properties for General Contact in Abaqus/Explicit
Surface-Based Friction Coefficients
Preferred Fraction of Frictional Work Directed to a Surface as a Surface Property
Assigning Contact Properties for General Contact in Abaqus/Explicit
Contact Controls for General Contact in Abaqus/Explicit
Scaling Default Penalty Stiffnesses
Activating the Nondefault Tracking Algorithm for Node-to-Face Contact
Activating the Fold Inversion Check
Control of Initial Overclosure Resolution
Control of Contact Thickness Reduction Checks
Consideration of Shell and Beam Thickness Offsets
Defining Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Explicit
About Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Explicit
Defining a Contact Pair Interaction
Defining a Contact Pair Containing Two Surfaces
Removing and Adding Contact Pairs
General Restrictions on Surfaces Used in Contact Pairs
Restrictions for Two-Dimensional Contact Simulations
Limitations in Contact Simulations with Three-Dimensional Beam and Truss Elements
Assigning Surface Properties for Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Explicit
Shell, Membrane, or Rigid Element Thickness and Shell or Rigid Element Offset
Defining Additional Contact Thicknesses for a Contact Pair Interaction
Assigning Contact Properties for Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Explicit
Assigning a Contact Property Definition to a Contact Pair
Contact Controls for Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Explicit
Scaling Default Penalty Stiffnesses
Adjusting the Finite-Sliding Contact Tracking Algorithm
Tracking Contact with Highly Warped Surfaces
About Mechanical Contact Properties
Defining the Contact Property Model
Contact Pressure-Overclosure Relationships
Including a Contact Pressure-Overclosure Relationship in a Contact Property Definition
Using the “Hard” Contact Relationship
Using a “Softened” Contact Relationship
Using the No Separation Relationship
Surface Interaction Output Variables Related to the Contact Pressure-Overclosure
Defining Viscous Contact Damping for Relative Motions of Surfaces
Choosing the Appropriate Coefficients for Viscous Damping in Abaqus/Standard
Surfaces Used to Account for Contact Blockage
Determining the Obstruction Area
Including Friction Properties in a Contact Property Definition
Changing Friction Properties during an Analysis
Using the Basic Coulomb Friction Model
Deriving Friction Coefficients from Quantities Specified as Surface Properties
Using the Optional Shear Stress Limit
Anisotropic Friction with Directional Preference as a Surface Property
Anisotropic Friction with Directional Preference Associated with Contact Orientation
Preventing Slipping regardless of Contact Pressure
Shear Stress Versus Elastic Slip While Sticking
Consideration of Incremental Rotation of Shell and Beam Thickness Offsets in Abaqus/Explicit
Improving Abaqus/Standard Simulations That Include Friction in the Surface Interactions
Heat Generated by Frictional Interaction of Surfaces
Temperature and Field-Variable Dependence of Friction Properties for Structural Elements
Surface Interaction Variables Related to Friction
User-Defined Interfacial Constitutive Behavior
Purpose of User Subroutines UINTER, VUINTER, and VUINTERACTION
Tracking Thickness When VUINTER or VUINTERACTION Is Used
Use with the Unsymmetric Equation Solver in Abaqus/Standard
Defining the Contact Status in Abaqus/Standard
Severe Discontinuity Iterations in Abaqus/Standard
Use with Contact in Abaqus/Explicit
Effects on Solution Time in Abaqus/Explicit
Interaction of Debonded Surfaces
Frictional Interactions of Debonding Surfaces
Interaction Models for Behavior Normal to the Debonding Surfaces
Thermal Interaction of Bonded and Debonding Surfaces
Pore Fluid Interaction of Bonded and Debonding Surfaces
Specifying Spot Welds for a Contact Pair
Adjustments to the Initial Positions of the Bonded Nodes
Defining the Failure Criterion for the Spot Welds
Defining the Postfailure Behavior of the Spot Welds
Available Output for Spot Welds
Common Usages of Cohesive Contact Behavior
High-Level Comparison of Cohesive-Element and Cohesive-Contact Approaches
Specifying Cohesive Interface "Material" Behavior within a Surface Interaction Property Definition
Initial Cohesive Contact State
Limiting Cohesive Bonding to Original Contact Constraints
Cohesive Rebonding upon Repeated Contact
Limiting Cohesive Bonding to First Contact Constraints
Main and Secondary Roles and Contact Formulations Associated with Cohesive Interactions
Linear Elastic Traction-Separation Behavior
Viscous Regularization in Abaqus/Standard
Virtual Crack Closure Technique in Abaqus/Explicit
Including Thermal Properties in a Contact Property Definition
Thermal Contact Considerations in Abaqus/Explicit
Modeling Conductance between Surfaces
Modeling Radiation between Surfaces When the Gap Is Small
Modeling Heat Generated by Nonthermal Surface Interactions
Surface-Based Interaction Variables for Thermal Contact Property Models
Thermal Interaction Variables for Thermal Gap Elements
Thermal Interactions Involving Rigid Bodies
Modeling Thermal Interactions with Node-Based Surfaces
Thermal Interactions between Surfaces with Nodes Containing Multiple Temperature Degrees of Freedom
Including Gap Electrical Conductance Properties in a Contact Property Definition
Modeling Electrical Conductance between Surfaces
Modeling Heat Generated by Electrical Conduction between Surfaces
Surface-Based Output Variables for Electrical Contact Property Models
Contact Pressure in Pore Fluid Interactions
Including Pore Fluid Properties in a Contact Property Definition
Controlling the Distance within Which Pore Fluid Contact Properties Are Active
Controlling Contact Permeability Associated with Fluid Flow across a Contact Interface
Controlling the Constraint Enforcement Method
Coupled Heat Transfer–Pore Fluid Contact Properties
Contact Initialization for General Contact in Abaqus/Standard
Default Contact Initialization Method
Defining Alternative Contact Initialization Methods
Assigning Contact Initialization Methods
Contact Initialization for Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Standard
Treatment of Initial Overclosures and Unintended Initial Gaps
Adjusting Initial Surface Positions to Resolve Small Initial Gaps or Overclosures
Storing Penetration Offsets for Noncompliant Surfaces to Be Initially in Contact
Initial Clearance or Overclosure for Small-Sliding Contact
Alternative Methods for Specifying Precise Initial Clearances or Overclosures
Additional Contact Initialization Options for Small-Sliding Contact in Abaqus/Standard
Defining Precise Initial Clearance or Overclosure Values
Specifying a Uniform Clearance or Overclosure for the Surfaces
Specifying Spatially Varying Clearances or Overclosures for the Surfaces
Generating Contact Normal Directions Based on a Reference Thread Geometry
Contact Initialization for General Contact in Abaqus/Explicit
Defining and Assigning Contact Initialization Methods
Controlling Initial Gap or Penetration State
Resolving Discrepancies between Mesh Geometry and Desired Initial Clearance or Penetration State
Contact Initialization Search Criteria
Contact Initialization Details Specific to Shells
Alternative Contact Initialization User Interface
Contact Initialization for Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Explicit
Adjustments of Overclosed Surfaces in the First Step of the Simulation
Adjustments of Overclosed Surfaces during Subsequent Steps in the Simulation
Specifying Initial Clearance Values Precisely
Contact Formulations and Numerical Methods
Contact Formulations and Numerical Methods in Abaqus/Standard
Contact Formulations in Abaqus/Standard
Formulations for General Contact
Discretization of Contact Pair Surfaces
Choosing the Main and Secondary Surface Roles in a Two-Surface Contact Pair
Fundamental Choices Affecting the Contact Formulation
Using the Finite-Sliding Tracking Approach
Using the Small-Sliding Tracking Approach
Local Tangent Directions on a Surface
Contact Constraint Enforcement Methods in Abaqus/Standard
Available Constraint Enforcement Methods in Abaqus/Standard
Use of Lagrange Multiplier Degrees of Freedom by the Various Methods
Smoothing Contact Surfaces in Abaqus/Standard
Smoothing of Common Curved Surface Geometries
Smoothing of Faceted Surfaces Based on Comparison to CAD Representations
Considerations for Smoothing Methods Based on Knowledge of Idealized Initial Geometry
Initial Contact Stresses in Abaqus/Standard
Effect of Initial Contact Status on Initial Contact Stress Calculations
Dependence of Initial Contact Stresses on Mechanical Contact Properties
Interpreting Initial Contact Stresses with Pore Pressure Degrees of Freedom
Contact Formulations and Numerical Methods in Abaqus/Explicit
Contact Formulation for General Contact in Abaqus/Explicit
Specifying the Contact Formulation
Local Tangent Directions for Contact
Contact Formulations for Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Explicit
Local Tangent Directions for Contact
Contact Constraint Enforcement Methods in Abaqus/Explicit
Choosing between the Kinematic and Penalty Contact Algorithms
Contact Difficulties and Diagnostics
Resolving Contact Difficulties in Abaqus/Standard
Contact Diagnostics in an Abaqus/Standard Analysis
Reviewing the Adjustments of Initially Overclosed Surfaces
Reviewing Initial Contact Conditions
Tracking Contact Status during a Simulation
Diagnosing a Terminated Contact Analysis
Common Difficulties Associated with Contact Modeling in Abaqus/Standard
Difficulties Resolving Initial Contact Conditions
Excessive Iterations in Contact Simulations
Difficulties Interpreting the Results of Contact Simulations
Discrepancies between Contact Formulations
Resolving Contact Difficulties in Abaqus/Explicit
Contact Diagnostics in an Abaqus/Explicit Analysis
Reviewing the Adjustments of Initially Overclosed Surfaces
Detecting Crossed Surfaces in a General Contact Domain
Excessive Penetrations between General Contact Surfaces
Warning Messages for Highly Warped Surfaces
Common Difficulties Associated with Contact Modeling Using Contact Pairs in Abaqus/Explicit
Defining Duplicate Nodes on the Main Surface
Using an Inadequate Surface Definition for the Desired Contact Conditions
Using Poorly Discretized Surfaces
Conflicts with Boundary Conditions
Conflicts with Multi-Point Constraints
Conflicting Contact Constraints on Shell Nodes with Hard Contact
Multiple Kinematic Contact Constraints on Solid Nodes
Redundant and Degenerate Contact Constraints
Large Mass Mismatch between Contact Surfaces
Contact Noise Associated with Limited Computer Precision for Hard Contact
Finite-Sliding Contact near a Symmetry Plane
Specifying Initial Clearance Values Precisely
Visualizing the Precise Initial Clearances for Small-Sliding Contact Pairs
Contact Elements in Abaqus/Standard
Contact Modeling with Elements
Choosing and Defining a Gap Element
Defining the Gap Element's Properties
Defining Nondefault Mechanical Interactions with Gap Elements
Defining Thermal Surface Interactions with GAPUNIT and DGAP Elements
Modeling Large Initial Interference with Gap Elements
Nodes Associated with the Element
Choosing an appropriate element
Associating the Tube-to-Tube Contact Elements with a Slide Line
Defining the Element's Section Properties
Local Basis for Contact Output Variables
Choosing Which Pipe (Beam or Truss) Will Have the Slide Line
Defining Nondefault Mechanical Surface Interactions with Tube-to-Tube Contact Elements
Tube-to-Tube Contact Element Library
Node Ordering and Integration Point Numbering
Modeling Contact between Deformable Bodies with Slide Lines
Local Basis System for Contact Stresses and Relative Motions of the Bodies
The Main-Secondary Concept for Slide Lines and Slide Line Elements
Defining the Slide Line (Main Surface)
Defining Slide Line Elements (Secondary Surface)
Associating the Slide Line Elements with a Slide Line
Defining the Slide Line Element's Section Properties
Defining Nondefault Mechanical Surface Interactions with Slide Line Elements
Obtaining the “Maximum Torque” That Can Be Transmitted across Axisymmetric Slide Lines
Axisymmetric Slide Line Element Library
Node Ordering and Integration Point Numbering
Rigid Surface Contact Elements
Rigid Surface Contact Elements
Modeling Contact between Rigid Surfaces and Rigid Surface Contact Elements
Local Basis System for Contact Stress and Relative Motions of the Surfaces
The Main-Secondary Concept for Rigid Surface Contact Elements
Defining the Rigid Surface Contact Elements
Associating an Analytical Rigid Surface with a Set of Rigid Surface Contact Elements
Defining the Rigid Surface Element's Section Properties
Defining Nondefault Mechanical Surface Interactions with Rigid Surface Contact Elements
Axisymmetric Rigid Surface Contact Element Library
Numbering of Integration Points for Output
Cavity Radiation in Abaqus/Standard
Defining a Cavity Radiation Problem
Defining Surface Radiation Properties
Decomposing Large Cavities in Parallel
Prescribing Motion during a Cavity Radiation Analysis